Bhaktivedanta VedaBase: Śrīmad Bhāgavatam 5.22.7

atha ca yāvan nabho-mandalam saha dyāv-āprithivyor mandalābhyām kārtsnyena sa ha bhuñjīta tam kālam samvatsaram parivatsaram idāvatsaram anuvatsaram vatsaram iti bhānor māndya-śaighrya-sama-gatibhih samāmananti

SYNONYMS

atha — now; ca — also; yāvat — as long as; nabhah-mandalam — outer space, between the upper and lower world; saha — along with; dyau — of the upper world; āprithivyoh — of the lower world; mandalābhyām — the spheres; kārtsnyena — entirely; sah — he; ha — indeed; bhuñjīta — may pass through; tam — that; kālam — time; samvatsaram — Samvatsara; parivatsaram — Parivatsara; idāvatsaram — Idāvatsara; anuvatsaram — Anuvatsara; vatsaram — Vatsara; iti — thus; bhānoh — of the sun; māndya — slow; śaighrya — speedy; sama — and equal; gatibhih — by the speeds; samāmananti — the experienced scholars describe.

TRANSLATION

The sun-god has three speeds — slow, fast and moderate. The time he takes to travel entirely around the spheres of heaven, earth and space at these three speeds is referred to, by learned scholars, by the five names Samvatsara, Parivatsara, Idāvatsara, Anuvatsara and Vatsara.

PURPORT

According to solar astronomical calculations, each year extends six days beyond the calendar year, and according to lunar calculations, each year is six days shorter. Therefore, because of the movements of the sun and moon, there is a difference of twelve days between the solar and lunar years. As the Samvatsara, Parivatsara, Idāvatsara, Anuvatsara and Vatsara pass by, two extra months are added within each five years. This makes a sixth samvatsara, but because that samvatsara is extra, the solar system is calculated according to the above five names.

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His Divine Grace A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda, Founder Ācārya of the International Society for Krishna Consciousness